Upland oak and ash woodlands are the most commonly found native woodland types in upland Cumbria. Together these woodlands support a diverse range of animals and plants, including a distinctive range of breeding birds, rare and unusual invertebrates and many scarce flowers. However, the restoration of upland woodland is not only good for wildlife but can also help to prevent soil erosion, stabilise slopes and provide shelter for stock.

Ancient semi-natural woodlands (woodland composed of native species which has been in existence since before 1600AD) are of special value because of their long, continuous history. They are the nearest we have to our original natural woodland and may include remnants of the post-glacial forest which have never been cleared. They are irreplaceable assets which support many rare plants and animals and make a vital contribution to conserving biodiversity.

Woods provides a fantastic learning resource for children…

Cumbria is particularly important for upland oakwoods found on steep valley sides with thin soils over acid rock. Characteristic species are Sessile Oak, Downy Birch and Rowan, Bilberry and Wavy Hair-grass, and a rich variety of mosses, liverworts and ferns.

Where limestone occurs, upland mixed ash woods are also particularly notable in Cumbria, with Ash and Hazel and a ground flora of Dog’s Mercury, Wild Garlic, Primrose and Herb Robert.

Ancient woodlands host carpets of Bluebells

In wetter areas, wet woodland with Alder, willows and Downy Birch is found.

Woodland supports a wide range of birds, mammals and invertebrates, including Wood Warbler, Pied Flycatcher, Spotted Flycatcher, woodpeckers, Buzzard, Marsh Tit, bats, Dormouse, Netted Carpet Moth, Pill Woodlouse and Oak Bush-cricket. Many rare and uncommon plants can also be present, including Touch-me-not Balsam, Angular Solomon’s-seal, Mezereon and a range of rare mosses, liverworts and lichens.

Links to further reading: www.wildlifeincumbria.org.uk/uploads/resources/Upland woodland